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1.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 60(1): 106-131, Jan.-Mar. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439403

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) published in 2020 the updated recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Since then, new data have emerged in the literature, including new drugs approved for the systemic treatment of HCC that were not available at the time. The SBH board conducted an online single-topic meeting to discuss and review the recommendations on the systemic treatment of HCC. The invited experts were asked to conduct a systematic review of the literature on each topic related to systemic treatment and to present the summary data and recommendations during the meeting. All panelists gathered together for discussion of the topics and elaboration of the updated recommendations. The present document is the final version of the reviewed manuscript containing the recommendations of SBH and its aim is to assist healthcare professionals, policy-makers, and planners in Brazil and Latin America with systemic treatment decision-making of patients with HCC.


RESUMO O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é uma das principais causas de mortalidade relacionada a câncer no Brasil e no mundo. A Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia (SBH) publicou em 2020 a atualização das recomendações da SBH para o diagnóstico e tratamento do CHC. Desde então, novas evidências científicas sobre o tratamento sistêmico do CHC foram relatadas na literatura médica, incluindo novos medicamentos aprovados que não estavam disponíveis na época do último consenso, levando a diretoria da SBH a promover uma reunião monotemática on-line para discutir e rever as recomendações sobre o tratamento sistêmico do CHC. Um grupo de experts foi convidado para realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura e apresentar uma atualização, baseada em evidências científicas, sobre cada tópico relacionado ao tratamento sistêmico e a apresentar os dados e recomendações resumidas durante a reunião. Todos os painelistas se reuniram para discutir os tópicos e elaborar as recomendações atualizadas. O presente documento é a versão final do manuscrito revisado, contendo as recomendações da SBH, e seu objetivo é auxiliar os profissionais de saúde, formuladores de políticas e planejadores no Brasil e na América Latina na tomada de decisões sobre o tratamento sistêmico de pacientes com CHC.

2.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 59(3): 402-407, July-Sept. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403501

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background Insulin resistance (IR), assessed by different criteria, is an important factor in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). More recently with the characterization of this metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), one of the proposed criteria for this diagnosis has been the determination of the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of HOMA-IR>2.5 with clinical, metabolic, biochemical and histological data obtained in non-diabetic patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out with data from 174 adult individuals of both genders with non-diabetics NAFLD, without obvious signs of portal hypertension. The body mass index (BMI) was classified according to the World Health Organization (1998), and the metabolic syndrome by the criteria of NCEP-ATP-III. Biochemical tests were evaluated using an automated method and insulinemia through immunofluorometric assay. Histological findings were classified according to Kleiner et al. (2005). Results: The mean age of the studied population was 53.6±11.2 years, with 60.3% being female. The average BMI was 30.3 kg/m2 and 75.9% of the patients had increased waist circumference. Among evaluated metabolic parameters, there was a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with HOMA-IR>2.5, with no statistical difference in relation to BMI between studied groups. Values of liver enzymes and serum ferritin were significantly higher in patients with this marker of IR, who had a higher prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis. In the multivariate analysis, the clinical diagnosis of MS, hyperferritinemia and the presence of NASH in the liver biopsy were the factors independently associated with the presence of altered HOMA-IR. Conclusion: HOMA-IR values >2.5 identify patients with NAFLD with distinct clinical and metabolic characteristics and with a greater potential for disease progression, which validates this parameter in the identification of patients with MAFLD.


RESUMO Contexto A resistência à insulina (RI), avaliada por diferentes critérios, é um fator importante na patogênese da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA). Mas, recentemente, com a caracterização desta disfunção metabólica associada com a doença hepática gordurosa (DGH), um dos critérios propostos para este diagnóstico tem sido a determinação do modelo de avaliação da homeostase-resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação do HOMA-IR> 2,5 com dados clínicos, metabólicos, bioquímicos e histológicos obtidos em pacientes não diabéticos diagnosticados com DHGNA por biópsia hepática. Métodos Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, com dados de 174 indivíduos adultos de ambos os sexos com DHGNA não-diabética, sem sinais evidentes de hipertensão portal. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi classificado de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (1998) e a síndrome metabólica pelos critérios do NCEP-ATP-III. Os exames bioquímicos foram avaliados pelo método automatizado e a insulinemia por imunofluorometria. Os achados histológicos foram classificados de acordo com Kleiner et al. (2005). Resultados: A média de idade da população estudada foi de 53,6±11,2 anos, sendo 60,3% do sexo feminino. O IMC médio foi de 30,3 kg/m2 e 75,9% dos pacientes apresentaram circunferência da cintura aumentada. Entre os parâmetros metabólicos avaliados, houve maior prevalência de síndrome metabólica (SM) em pacientes com HOMA-IR >2,5, sem diferença estatística em relação ao IMC entre os grupos estudados. Os valores das enzimas hepáticas e da ferritina sérica foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes com este marcador de RI, que apresentaram maior prevalência de esteato-hepatite não alcoólica (EHNA) e fibrose hepática avançada. Na análise multivariada, o diagnóstico clínico de SM, hiperferritinemia e a presença de EHNA na biópsia hepática foram os fatores independentemente associados à presença de HOMA-IR alterado. Conclusão: Valores de HOMA-IR >2,5 identificam pacientes com DHGNA com características clínicas e metabólicas distintas e com maior potencial de progressão da doença, o que valida esse parâmetro na identificação de pacientes com DHG.

3.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 59(2): 251-256, Apr.-June 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383843

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease and refers to a wide spectrum of histological abnormalities ranging from simple steatosis (HE) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objective: To assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and relating it to demographic, biochemical and histological data in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: Cross-sectional cohort study in individuals with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, presence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were evaluated. The Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) was applied to assess the risk of apnea and a food record was requested. Based on the BQ, participants were classified as high or low risk for OSAS. In the correlation of sleep apnea with the severity of NAFLD, presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the degree of liver fibrosis were evaluated. Statistical analysis used the chi-square test, Student's t and bivariate logistic regression; values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. This research project was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: Regarding the parameters evaluated, significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of body mass index (BMI), waist and neck circumference. In the histological evaluation, patients classified as high risk were more likely to have fibrosis and NASH. In bivariate regression, the BMI, presence of fibrosis and steatohepatitis in the biopsy were independently associated with an elevated risk of the syndrome. Conclusion: A high prevalence of risk for OSAS was observed in the studied group, with a higher risk being independently associated with BMI and presence of steatohepatitis, suggesting that it is a factor associated with the severity of the disease.


RESUMO Contexto: A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é a forma mais comum de doença hepática e se refere a um amplo espectro de anormalidades histológicas que variam de esteatose simples a esteato-hepatite não alcoólica (EHNA), fibrose, cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) e relacioná-lo com dados demográficos, bioquímicos e histológicos em pacientes com doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica. Métodos: Estudo de coorte transversal em indivíduos com DHGNA comprovada por biópsia. Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos, presença de síndrome metabólica e resistência à insulina. O Questionário de Berlim (QB) foi aplicado para avaliar o risco de apneia e um registro alimentar foi solicitado. Com base no QB, os participantes foram classificados como de alto ou baixo risco para SAOS. Na correlação da apneia do sono com a gravidade da DHGNA, avaliou-se a presença de EHNA e o grau de fibrose hepática. Na análise estatística foram utilizados: o teste qui-quadrado, t de Student e regressão logística bivariada; os valores foram expressos como média ± desvio padrão. Este projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: Em relação aos parâmetros avaliados, foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação ao índice de massa corporal (IMC), cintura e circunferência do pescoço. Na avaliação histológica, os pacientes classificados como de alto risco tiveram maior chance de apresentar fibrose e EHNA. Na regressão bivariada, o IMC, a presença de fibrose e esteato-hepatite na biópsia foram independentemente associados a um risco elevado da síndrome. Conclusão: Observou-se alta prevalência de risco para SAOS no grupo estudado, sendo o maior risco associado de forma independente ao IMC e à presença de esteato-hepatite, sugerindo que seja um fator associado à gravidade da doença.

4.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 27: e2548, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374474

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se o tratamento com os antivirais de ação direta para a hepatite C provocam efeitos adversos na audição. Métodos A casuística foi composta por 16 indivíduos portadores do vírus da hepatite C, de ambos os gêneros, com média de idade de 51 anos. Foram excluídos do grupo indivíduos com perda auditiva do tipo condutiva ou mista e que apresentassem fatores de risco para perda auditiva. A avaliação foi realizada em dois momentos: antes do uso dos antivirais de ação direta e após o término do tratamento de três meses. Incluiu os seguintes procedimentos: anamnese, inspeção do meato acústico externo, audiometria tonal liminar, limiar de recepção de fala, índice de reconhecimento de fala, medidas de imitância acústica e emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente e produto de distorção. Resultados: Houve baixa ocorrência de zumbido e vertigem. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os resultados da avaliação pré-tratamento e pós-tratamento. Conclusão O tratamento com antivirais de ação direta contra o vírus da hepatite C não provocou efeitos adversos na função auditiva.


ABSTRACT Purpose To verify whether treatment with hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals has adverse effects on hearing. Methods The sample consisted of 16 individuals with hepatitis C virus, of both sexes, with an average age of 51 years. Individuals with conductive or mixed hearing loss who presented risk factors for hearing loss were excluded from the group. The evaluation was carried out in two moments: before the use of direct-acting antivirals and after the three-month treatment. It included the following procedures: anamnesis, external auditory canal inspection, pure tone audiometry, speech reception threshold, speech recognition index, acoustic immittance measures and transient and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Results There was a low incidence of tinnitus and vertigo. There was no statistically significant difference between the results of the pre- and post-treatment assessment. Conclusion The treatment with direct-acting antivirals against the hepatitis C virus did not cause any adverse effects on hearing function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Risk Adjustment , Hearing Loss , Brazil , Longitudinal Studies , Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous
5.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 57(4): 471-476, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142349

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease worldwide. Approximately 20% of individuals with NAFLD develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with increased risk of cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Intestinal microflora, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease, as demonstrated in several clinical and experimental studies, by altering intestinal permeability and allowing bacterial endotoxins to enter the circulation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between SIBO and endotoxin serum levels with clinical, laboratory, and histopathological aspects of NAFLD and the relationship between SIBO and endotoxin serum levels before and after antibiotic therapy. METHODS: Adult patients with a histological diagnosis of NAFLD, without cirrhosis were included. A comprehensive biochemistry panel, lactulose breath test (for diagnosis of SIBO), and serum endotoxin measurement (chromogenic LAL assay) were performed. SIBO was treated with metronidazole 250 mg q8h for 10 days and refractory cases were given ciprofloxacin 500 mg q12h for 10 days. RESULTS: Overall, 42 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of NAFLD were examined. The prevalence of SIBO was 26.2%. Comparison of demographic and biochemical parameters between patients with SIBO and those without SIBO revealed no statistically significant differences, except for use of proton pump inhibitors, which was significantly more frequent in patients with positive breath testing. The presence of SIBO was also associated with greater severity of hepatocellular ballooning on liver biopsy. Although the sample, as a whole, have elevated circulating endotoxin levels, we found no significant differences in this parameter between the groups with and without SIBO. Endotoxin values before and after antibiotic treatment did not differ, even on paired analysis, suggesting absence of any relationship between these factors. Serum endotoxin levels were inversely correlated with HDL levels, and directly correlated with triglyceride levels. CONCLUSION: Serum endotoxin levels did not differ between patients with and without SIBO, nor did these levels change after antibacterial therapy, virtually ruling out the possibility that elevated endotoxinemia in non-cirrhotic patients with NAFLD is associated with SIBO. Presence of SIBO was associated with greater severity of ballooning degeneration on liver biopsy, but not with a significantly higher prevalence of NASH. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility and importance of this finding in patients with NAFLD and SIBO.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é uma das doenças hepáticas crônicas mais comuns em todo o mundo. Aproximadamente 20% dos indivíduos com DHGNA desenvolvem esteato-hepatite não alcoólica (EHNA) que está associada a maior risco de cirrose, hipertensão portal e/ou carcinoma hepatocelular. Alterações da microflora intestinal, incluindo o supercrescimento bacteriano intestinal (SBI), parecem ter um papel importante na patogênese da doença, como demonstrado em estudos clínicos e experimentais, pela alteração da permeabilidade intestinal e permitindo que endotoxinas bacterianas alcancem a circulação sanguínea. OBJETIVO: Determinar a relação entre o SBI e níveis de endotoxina sérica em pacientes não cirróticos com DHGNA, com os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e histopatológicos da doença e a relação entre SBI e níveis séricos de endotoxina antes e após tratamento com antibiótico. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos pacientes maiores de 18 anos e com diagnóstico histológico de DHGNA, sem cirrose. Foram realizados: avaliação bioquímica geral, teste do H2 expirado com lactulose para diagnóstico de SBI e dosagem de endotoxina sérica - ensaio cromogênico para LAL. Para o tratamento do SBI utilizamos o metronidazol 250 mg de 8/8 horas por 10 dias e para os casos de retratamento foi utilizado ciprofloxacino 500 mg de 12/12 horas por 10 dias. RESULTADOS: Incluímos 42 pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico de DHGNA. A prevalência de SBI foi de 26,2%. Quando comparamos o grupo dos pacientes com SBI com aquele sem SBI e analisamos suas variáveis demográficas e bioquímicas, não encontramos diferença estatisticamente significante entre elas, exceto pela utilização de inibidores de bomba de próton, que foi significantemente mais frequente nos pacientes com teste respiratório positivo. A presença de SBI também esteve associada à maior intensidade de balonização na biópsia hepática, quando comparados àqueles sem SBI. Embora o grupo como um todo apresentasse elevação dos níveis circulantes de endotoxinas, não pudemos encontrar diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos com e sem SBI. Os valores de endotoxinas pré e pós tratamento antibiótico não diferiram entre si, mesmo em análise pareada, sugerindo ausência de relação entre esses fatores. Os níveis de endotoxina sérica apresentaram correlação inversa com os níveis de HDL e correlação direta com os níveis de triglicerídeos. CONCLUSÃO: Níveis de endotoxinas séricas não diferiram entre os pacientes com e sem SBI, e que esses níveis não se modificaram após tratamento medicamentoso da proliferação bacteriana, praticamente excluindo a possibilidade de que os níveis elevados de endotoxemia estejam relacionados à SBI. A presença dessa proliferação bacteriana esteve associada à maior intensidade de balonização na biópsia hepática, mas não à maior prevalência de EHNA entre os portadores de SBI. Estudos complementares são necessários para avaliar a reprodutibilidade e a importância desse achado em portadores de DHGNA com SBI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Reproducibility of Results , Endotoxins , Intestine, Small , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Neoplasms
7.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 56(2): 184-190, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019457

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nowadays, pharmacological treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still limited and it is based on the treatment of conditions associated comorbities. Oxidative stress and insulin resistance are the mechanisms that seem to be mostly involved in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in combination with metformin (MTF) and/or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Open-label multicenter randomized trial was conducted for 48 weeks. It included patients with biopsy-proven NASH. The patients were randomized into three groups: NAC (1.2 g) + UDCA (15 mg/kg) + MTF (850-1500 mg/day) (n=26); UDCA (20 mg/kg) + MTF (850-1500 mg/day) (n=13); NAC (1.2g) + MTF (850-1500 mg/day) (n=14) for 48 weeks. Clinical, laboratory and the second liver biopsies were performed after 48 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 53 patients were evaluated; 17 (32.1%) were males; median age ±54 (IQR=15, 21-71) years. In the baseline, no difference was seen between groups according clinical and histological parameters. The groups differed only in cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. No significant differences in biochemical and histologic parameters were found between these the three groups after 48 weeks of treatment. In the intragroup analysis (intention-to-treat) comparing histological and biochemical features, there were significant improvements in the steatosis degree (P=0.014), ballooning (0.027) and, consequently, in the NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) (P=0.005), and in the ALT levels at the end of the treatment only in the NAC + MTF group. No significant evidence of modification in the liver fibrosis could be observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: This multicenter study suggests that the association of NAC + MTF could reduce the liver disease activity in patients with NASH. These data stimulate further controlled studies with this therapy for these patients.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: Atualmente, o tratamento farmacológico da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) ainda é limitado e baseia-se no tratamento de condições associadas às comorbidades. O estresse oxidativo e a resistência à insulina são os mecanismos que parecem estar mais envolvidos em sua patogênese. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da N-acetilcisteína (NAC) em associação à metformina (MTF) e/ou ácido ursodesoxicólico (UDCA) no tratamento da EHNA. MÉTODOS: Estudo randomizado, multicêntrico e aberto, conduzido por 48 semanas. Incluiu pacientes com esteato-hepatite não alcoólica (EHNA) comprovada por biópsia. Os pacientes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: NAC (1,2 g) + UDCA (15 mg/kg) + MTF (850-1500 mg/dia) (n=26); UDCA (20 mg/kg) + MTF (850-1500 mg/dia) (n=13); NAC (1,2 g) + MTF (850-1500 mg/dia) (n=14) durante 48 semanas. Os dados clínicos, laboratoriais e as segundas biópsias hepáticas foram realizados após 48 semanas. RESULTADOS - Um total de 53 pacientes foram avaliados; 17 (32,1%) eram do sexo masculino; idade mediana de ±54 (IQR=15, 21-71) anos. No baseline, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os grupos de acordo com parâmetros clínicos e histológicos. Os grupos diferiram apenas em colesterol, LDL e triglicerídeos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros bioquímicos e histológicos entre os três grupos após 48 semanas de tratamento. Contudo, na análise intragrupos (intenção de tratar) comparando características histológicas e bioquímicas, houve melhora significativa no grau de esteatose (P=0,014), balonização (P=0,027) e, consequentemente, no NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) (P=0,005), e nos níveis de ALT no final do tratamento apenas no grupo NAC+MTF. Nenhuma evidência significativa de modificaçãona fibrose hepática pôde ser observada em nenhum dos grupos. CONCLUSÃO: - Este estudo multicêntrico sugere que a associação de NAC+MTF poderia reduzir a atividade da doença hepática em pacientes com EHNA. Esses dados estimulam estudos adicionais controlados com essa terapia para esses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage , Ursodeoxycholic Acid/administration & dosage , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy , Metformin/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Drug Therapy, Combination , Middle Aged
8.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 55(2): 179-183, Apr.-June 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950510

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus are common extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR is associated with low rates of sustained virological response, especially in HCV genotype 1 positive patients treated with peginterferon/ribavirin. The effect of insulin resistance on sustained virologic response in HCV genotype 3 positive patients who were treated with peginterferon/ribavirin still remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of insulin resistance on sustained virological response in HCV genotype 3 patients treated with peginterferon/ribavirin. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study was performed to evaluate the impact of insulin resistance on sustained virological response in non-diabetic HCV genotype 3 positive patients treated with peginterferon and ribavirin. A total of 200 HCV genotype 3 positive patients were enrolled in the study. All patients were non-diabetic. Each patient had a HOMA-IR value measured before the initiation of HCV treatment with peginterferon/ribavirin. The treatment duration was at least 24 weeks. The HOMA-IR cut-off was defined in the study as ≥2.5 due to the coefficient of correlation with sustained virological response of 0.202 (P=0.004). RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that age, aspartate aminotransferase, platelets, stage of fibrosis and HOMA-IR were predictors of sustained virological response. However multivariate analysis showed advanced fibrosis [OR=2.01 (95%CI: 0.986-4.119) P=0.05] and age [OR=1.06 (95%CI: 1.022-1.110) P=0.002] as negative predictors of sustained virological response. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective multicenter study of non-diabetic HCV genotype 3 positive patients, insulin resistance was not associated with the sustained virological response in patients who were treated with peginterferon/ribavirin.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: A resistência insulínica e o diabetes mellitus são frequentes manifestações extra-hepáticas da hepatite C crônica. A resistência insulínica medida pelo HOMA-IR está associada a uma baixa taxa de resposta virológica sustentada, principalmente em pacientes portadores de hepatite C crônica genótipo 1 tratados com peginterferon/ribavirina. Em relação aos pacientes portadores de hepatite C crônica genótipo 3 tratados com peginterferon/ribavirina, a influência da resistência insulínica na resposta virológica sustentada ainda não está esclarecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da resistência insulínica na resposta virológica sustentada em pacientes portadores de hepatite C crônica genótipo 3. MÉTODOS: Estudo multicêntrico retrospectivo foi realizado para avaliar a influência da resistência insulínica na resposta virológica sustentada em pacientes não-diabéticos portadores de hepatite C crônica genótipo 3 tratados com peginterferon/ribavirina. Um total de 200 pacientes portadores de hepatite C crônica genótipo 3 foi incluído no estudo. Todos os pacientes eram não diabéticos e apresentavam medida de HOMA-IR antes do início do tratamento da hepatite C crônica com peginterferon/ribavirina. A duração do tratamento foi de pelo menos 24 semanas. O cut-off de HOMA-IR foi definido para este estudo como ≥2,5 devido ao coeficiente de correlação com a resposta virológica sustentada de 0,202 (P=0,004). RESULTADOS: Na análise univariada, idade, aspartato aminotransferase, plaquetas, grau de fibrose e HOMA-IR foram preditores de resposta virológica sustentada. No entanto, na análise multivariada, apenas fibrose avançada [OR=2,01 (95%IC: 0,986-4,119) P=0,05] e idade [OR=1,06 (95%IC: 1,022-1,110) P=0,002] estavam relacionados como preditores negativo de resposta virológica sustentada. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo multicêntrico, retrospectivo, em pacientes não diabéticos portadores de hepatite C genótipo 3, a resistência insulínica não estava associada à resposta virológica sustentada em pacientes tratados com peginterferon/ribavirina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Viral Load , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Genotype , Homeostasis/physiology
9.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 29(4): 495-505, July-Aug. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-789068

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o consumo alimentar de portadores de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica, comparar com as recomendações nutricionais diárias e analisar a correlação da dieta com a presença de Síndrome Metabólica e com a gravidade da doença, uma vez que estudos sobre os hábitos alimentares dos portadores de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica ainda são escassos na literatura. Métodos Nesse estudo foram avaliados, inicialmente, 158 pacientes com diagnóstico de Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica. Analisou-se exames laboratoriais, biópsia hepática, dados antropométricos e consumo dietético (registro alimentar de três dias). Dentre os pacientes avaliados, alguns já haviam sido orientados nutricionalmente e foram divididos em dois grupos: "sem dieta" e "com dieta". Para o cálculo de comparações de médias entre os grupos estudados, empregou-se o teste t de Student, considerando o nível de significância de 5% (a£0,05). Resultados Do total inicial de participantes, 59 apresentavam modificação significativa da dieta a partir de alguma orientação nutricional prévia e, por isso, foram excluídos da análise. Dos 99 pacientes restantes, quando confrontados com a ingestão dietética recomendada, 26% apresentavam maior ingestão energética e 80%, de ácidos graxos saturados, além de deficiente ingestão de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e monoinsaturados, fibras e vitamina E, confirmando estudos prévios nessa mesma população. Entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na dieta desses pacientes quando divididos de acordo com a presença ou ausência de Síndrome Metabólica e Esteatoepatite Não Alcoólica. Conclusão Esses dados, à luz dos conhecimentos atuais, sugerem que a dieta, especialmente quando rica em ácidos graxos saturados e deficiente em fibras e vitaminas antioxidantes, pode ter importante papel no aparecimento da Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não Alcoólica, mas que outros fatores exercem papel mais relevante na sua progressão para a Esteatoepatite Não Alcoólica.


ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to assess the food intake of individuals with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, compare it with daily nutritional recommendations, and analyze whether diet correlates with the presence of Metabolic Syndrome and disease severity, because studies about the food habits of these individuals are still scarce in the literature. Methods Initially, this study assessed 158 patients diagnosed with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Laboratory tests, liver biopsy, anthropometric data, and food intake (determined by the three-day food record) were analyzed. Some study patients had already received dietary advice, so the sample was divided into two groups, one "without dietary advice" and another "with dietary advice". The Student's t-test compared the means between the groups at a significance level of 5% (a£0.05). Results Of the initial sample, 59 patients changed their diet significantly after receiving dietary advice, so they were excluded from the analysis. The other 99 patients consumed 26% more energy and 80% more saturated fatty acids than recommended and presented low intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, fibers, and vitamin E, confirming previous studies in this same population. However, the diets of these patients did not differ significantly by presence or absence of Metabolic Syndrome or Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Conclusion In light of current knowledge, these data suggest that diet, especially when high in saturated fatty acids and low in fiber and antioxidant vitamins, can play an important role in the onset of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, but other factors play a more important role in its progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Nutrition Assessment , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnostic imaging , Metabolic Syndrome/pathology
10.
Clinics ; 71(5): 281-284, May 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782842

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The majority of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma have been reported in individuals with cirrhosis due to chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholism, but recently, the prevalence has become increasingly related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis around the world. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical and histophatological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazilians' patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis at the present time. METHODS: Members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology were invited to complete a survey regarding patients with hepatocellular carcinoma related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Patients with a history of alcohol intake (>20 g/day) and other liver diseases were excluded. Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis was performed by liver biopsy or imaging methods according to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases’ 2011 guidelines. RESULTS: The survey included 110 patients with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from nine hepatology units in six Brazilian states (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul). The mean age was 67±11 years old, and 65.5% were male. Obesity was observed in 52.7% of the cases; diabetes, in 73.6%; dyslipidemia, in 41.0%; arterial hypertension, in 60%; and metabolic syndrome, in 57.2%. Steatohepatitis without fibrosis was observed in 3.8% of cases; steatohepatitis with fibrosis (grades 1-3), in 27%; and cirrhosis, in 61.5%. Histological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was performed in 47.2% of the patients, with hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis accounting for 7.7%. In total, 58 patients with cirrhosis had their diagnosis by ultrasound confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Of these, 55% had 1 nodule; 17%, 2 nodules; and 28%, ≥3 nodules. CONCLUSIONS: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a relevant risk factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with and without cirrhosis in Brazil. In this survey, hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in elevated numbers of patients with steatohepatitis without cirrhosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Hypertension/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Liver Neoplasms/complications , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Risk Factors
11.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 52(supl.1): 15-46, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-775579

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In order to draw evidence-based recommendations concerning the management of autoimmune diseases of the liver, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology has sponsored a single-topic meeting in October 18th, 2014 at São Paulo. An organizing committee comprised of seven investigators was previously elected by the Governing Board to organize the scientific agenda as well as to select twenty panelists to make a systematic review of the literature and to present topics related to the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and their overlap syndromes. After the meeting, all panelists gathered together for the discussion of the topics and the elaboration of those recommendations. The text was subsequently submitted for suggestions and approval of all members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology through its homepage. The present paper is the final version of the reviewed manuscript organized in topics, followed by the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology.


RESUMO Para definir as recomendações baseadas em evidências científicas sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento das doenças autoimnus do fígado, a Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia organizou em Outubro de 2014, encontro monotemático em São Paulo. Um Comitê organizador de sete investigadores foi selecionado pela Diretoria da Sociedade para organizar a agenda científica, assim como para selecionar vinte debatedores para fazer uma revisão sistemática e apresentar tópicos relacionados à hepatite autoimune, colangite esclerosante primária, cirrose biliar primária e suas síndromes de superposição (overlap). O texto inicial do submetidoo a apreciação e aprovação da Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia através de consulta a todos associados através da home page da Sociedade, O trabalho apresentado representa a versão final do trabalho original, devidamente revisado e organizado em tópicos, segundo as recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/diagnosis , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/therapy , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Autoimmune/therapy , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/therapy , Brazil , Societies, Medical , Syndrome
12.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 52(supl.1): 55-72, Oct.-Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-775580

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Survival rates of critically ill patients with liver disease has sharply increased in recent years due to several improvements in the management of decompensated cirrhosis and acute liver failure. This is ascribed to the incorporation of evidence-based strategies from clinical trials aiming to reduce mortality. In order to discuss the cutting-edge evidence regarding critical care of patients with liver disease, a joint single topic conference was recently sponsored by the Brazilian Society of Hepatology in cooperation with the Brazilian Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Brazilian Association for Organ Transplantation. This paper summarizes the proceedings of the aforementioned meeting and it is intended to guide intensive care physicians, gastroenterologists and hepatologists in the care management of patients with liver disease.


RESUMO A sobrevida de pacientes cirróticos críticos aumentou significantemente nos últimos anos devido a inúmeros avanços obtidos no manejo do paciente com cirrose descompensada e com insuficiência hepática aguda grave, particularmente após a incorporação na prática clínica de uma série de estratégias baseadas em evidencias com impacto reconhecido na redução de mortalidade. Com o intuito de discutir as principais evidencias disponíveis na literatura médica sobre o assunto, a Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia, em conjunto com a Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira e a Associação Brasileira de Transplantes de Órgãos promoveu uma reunião monotemática sobre o manejo do paciente hepatopata crítico, que ocorreu em 21 de maio de 2014 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O relatório da reunião foi resumido no presente manuscrito com o objetivo de nortear a prática clínica de intensivistas, gastroenterologistas e hepatologistas no manejo do paciente hepatopata em ambiente de terapia intensiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Critical Care , Evidence-Based Medicine , Liver Diseases/therapy , Brazil , Liver Diseases/classification , Liver Diseases/mortality , Societies, Medical
13.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 52(supl.1): 47-54, Oct.-Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-775581

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Space-occupying lessions of the liver may be cystic or solid. Ultrasonography is an extremely useful method for initial screening, and suffices for diagnosis of simple hepatic cysts. Complex cysts and solid masses require computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for confirmation. Wide surgical excision is indicated in cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma. Clinical and epidemiological data are important, as nodules in noncirrhotic livers are more likely to be benign. Hemangiomas, the most common benign tumors, require no follow-up after diagnostic confirmation if they are small and asymptomatic. Patients with giant, symptomatic hemangiomas or compression of adjacent structures should be referred to hepatobiliary centers for potential surgery. The genetic heterogeneity of hepatocellular adenoms and their epidemiology and prognosis prompted classification of these tumors into four subtypes based on histology and immunohistochemistry. The major complications of hepatocellular adenoms are rupture with bleeding and malignant transformation. Rupture occurs in approximately 30% of cases. The main risk factors are tumors size >5 cm and inflammatory subtype. Hepatocellular adenoms may enlarge during pregnancy due to marked hormonal stimulation. As oral contraceptive pills and anabolic steroids have associated with hepatocellular adenoms growth, particularly of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alfa subtype, these drugs should be discontinued. Focal nodular hyperplasia is the second most common benign tumor of hte liver. It is most frequent in women aged 20 to 60, and 70% to 90% of cases are asymptomatic. In the adsence of a central scar and/or other hallmarks of Focal nodular hyperplasia, with uncertainty between this diagnosis and hepatocellular adenoma, liver-specific contrast agentes are indicated.


RESUMO As lesões que ocupam espaço no fígado podem ser císticas ou sólidas. A ultrassonografia é extremamente útil como rastreamento inicial, bastando como método diagnósticos em casos de cistos simples. Em cistos complexos e em nódulos sólidos é necessária a complementação diagnóstica com tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. Em casos de cistadenoma ou cistadenocarcinoma, a ampla retirada cirúrgica está indicada. Dados clínico-epidemiológicos são importantes, já que nódulos em fígados não-cirróticos têm maiores probabilidades de serem benignos. Para os hemangiomas, tumores benignos mais frequentes, após a confirmação diagnóstica não existe necessidade de acompanhamento sistemático quando os nódulos são pequenos e assintomáticos. Hemangiomas gigantes sintomáticos ou comprimindo órgãos vizinhos devem ser encaminhados a centros de referência para avaliação de intervenção cirúrgica. A heterogeneidade genética nos adenomas hepatocelulares bem como características epidemiológicas e prognósticas motivou sua classificação em quatro subtipos, com base em achados histológicos e de imunohistoquímica. As principais complicações que ocorrem com o adenomas hepatocelulares são ruptura com hemorragia e transformação carcinomatosa. A primeira ocorre em cerca de 30% dos casos e o principal fator de risco para esta complicação são tumores maiores do que 5 cm, do subtipo hiperplasia nodular focal 1A, esses medicamentos devem ser suspensos. A hiperplasia nodular focal é o segundo tumor benigno mais frequente, mais comum nas mulheres entre 20 e 60 anos, sendo assintomáticos em 70% a 90% dos casos. Na ausência de lesão cicatricial central e/ou outros sinais sugestivos de hiperplasi nodular focal, havendo dúvida diagnóstica com adenoma hepatocelular, o uso de contraste hepatespecíficos está indicado.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Adenoma, Liver Cell/diagnosis , Adenoma, Liver Cell/therapy , Brazil , Focal Nodular Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Focal Nodular Hyperplasia/therapy , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Hemangioma/therapy , Societies, Medical
14.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 52(1): 1-3, Jan-Mar/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746487
15.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 18(5): 507-511, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723075

ABSTRACT

Introduction: A population-based survey conducted in Brazilian capital cities found that only 16% of the population had ever been tested for hepatitis C. These data suggest that much of the Brazilian population with HCV infection remains undiagnosed. The distribution of age ranges at diagnosis and its association with the degree of hepatitis C are still unknown in Brazilian patients. Material and methods: Patients with HCV infection, diagnosed by HCV RNA (Amplicor-HCV, Roche), were included in the study. Patients with HBV or HIV coinfection, autoimmune diseases, or alcohol intake > 20 g/day were excluded. HCV genotyping was performed by sequence analysis, and viral load by quantitative RT-PCR (Amplicor, Roche). The METAVIR classification was used to assess structural liver injury. The Chi-square (χ2) test and student's t-test were used for between-group comparisons. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for analysing the correlation between parameters. Results: A total of 525 charts were reviewed. Of the patients included, 49.5% were male, only 10% of the patients were aged less than 30 years; peak prevalence of HCV infection occurred in the 51-to-60 years age range. Genotype 1 accounted for 65.4% of the cases. Information on HCV subtype was obtained in 227 patients; 105 had subtype 1a and 122 had 1b. According to the degree of structural liver injury, 8.3% had F0, 23.4% F1, 19.8% F2, 11.9% F3, and 36.5% F4. Age at diagnosis of hepatitis correlated significantly with fibrosis (rs = 0.307, p < 0.001). The degree of fibrosis increased with advancing age. Only age at diagnosis and fasting blood glucose were independently associated with disease stage. Those patients with subtype 1a had higher prevalence of F2–F4 than those with subtype 1b. Conclusion: In Brazil, diagnosis of hepatitis C is more commonly established in older patients (age 45–60 years) with more advanced disease. Reassessment of strategies ...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications , Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/virology , Age Factors , Genotype , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , RNA, Viral , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Viral Load
16.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 18(2): 170-176, Mar-Apr/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709427

ABSTRACT

The potential role of coffee as a hepatoprotective substance for chronic liver diseases has been widely discussed. Our main aim was to evaluate the effect of coffee intake regarding clinical, biochemical tests and liver biopsy data in treatment naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C. One hundred and thirty-six patients with chronic hepatitis C, diagnosed through liver biopsy, or by means of clinical, ultrasound or endoscopic signs of cirrhosis, were assessed by determination of biochemical tests, metabolic and morphological alterations. Food frequency was scrutinized by using a structured questionnaire. Coffee intake represented more than 90% of the total daily caffeine, and the 75th percentile was 4-Brazilian coffee-cup/day (>255mL/day or >123mg caffeine/day). According to caffeine intake, patients were divided into two groups (< or >123mg caffeine/day). Patients with higher ingestion of caffeine had lower serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (× upper limit of normal) (1.8±1.5 vs 2.3±1.5, p=0.04), lower frequencies of advanced (F3, F4) fibrosis (23.5% vs 54.5%, p<0.001) and of histological activity grade (A3, A4) observed in liver biopsies (13.8% vs 36.9%, p<0.001). By multivariate logistic regression, fibrosis was independently associated with caffeine intake (OR- 0.16; 95%CI - 0.03-0.80; p=0.026), γ-glutamil transferase serum levels and morphological activity. But only fibrosis was associated with histological activity. In conclusion caffeine consumption greater than 123mg/day was associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis. In addition, this study supports the assumption that coffee intake has hepatoprotective benefits for Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C, even in lower doses than that of American and European population intake.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coffee , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Hepatitis C, Chronic , Liver , Liver Cirrhosis/prevention & control , Transaminases/blood , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Brazil , Coffee/chemistry , Europe , Hepatitis C, Chronic/enzymology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Liver/enzymology , Liver/pathology , United States
17.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 17(5): 555-563, Sept.-Oct. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689881

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Controversial results have been found in literature for the association between insulin resistance and sustained virologic response to standard chronic hepatitis C treatment. This study aims to provide a systematic literature review with meta-analysis, in order to evaluate if insulin resistance interferes with sustained virologic response in patients infected by the HCV genotype 1 versus HCV genotypes 2 and 3, undergoing treatment with interferon and ribavirin or pegylated interferon and ribavarin. METHODS: Systematic search was performed on main electronic databases until May 2012. Primary outcome was sustained virologic response, defined as undetectable levels of HCVRNA six months after the end of treatment. Meta-analytic measure was estimated using Dersimonian and Laird's method, using Stata software. RESULTS: Thirteen studies involving 2238 infected patients were included. There was a statistically significant association between insulin resistance and lower sustained virologic response rate, and this difference occurred in HCV genotype G1 (OR: 2.23; 95% 1.59-3.13) and G2/G3 (OR: 4.45; 95% CI: 1.59-12.49). In addition, a difference was seen in the cut-offs used for defining insulin resistance by Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. To minimize this limitation, sub-analysis that excluded the studies that did not use 2 as a cut-off value was performed and the results still demonstrated association between insulin resistance and sustained virologic response, for both genotypic groups. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis provides evidence that elevated Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance is associated with a lower sustained virologic response rate in patients with hepatitis C treated with interferon and ribavirin or pegylated interferon and ribavarin, regardless of their genotype.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Hepatitis C/genetics , Insulin Resistance/physiology , RNA, Viral/genetics , Drug Therapy, Combination , Genotype , Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/physiopathology , Hepatitis C/classification , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage , Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage , Ribavirin/administration & dosage , Viral Load
18.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 30(Supl.1): 3-33, out.-dez. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621069

ABSTRACT

A encefalopatia hepática (EH) é um distúrbio funcional do sistema nervoso central (SNC) associado à insufi ciência hepática, de fisiopatologia multifatorial e complexa. Devido aos avanços no conhecimento sobre o manejo da EH na cirrose e na insuficiência hepática aguda (IHA), a diretoria da Sociedade Brasileira de Hepatologia (SBH) promoveu uma reunião monotemática acerca da fi siopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da EH, abordando aspectos controversos relacionados ao tema. Com a utilização de sistemática da medicina baseada em evidências, foram abordados o manejo da EH e da hipertensão intracraniana na IHA, o manejo da EH episódica na cirrose, as controvérsias no manejo da EH e a abordagem da EH mínima. O objetivo desta revisão é resumir os principais tópicos discutidos na reunião monotemática e apresentar recomendações sobre o manejo da síndrome votadas pelo painel de expertos da SBH.


Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a functional disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with liver failure, either end-stage chronic liver disease or fulminant hepatic failure. Its pathogenesis remains complex and poorly understood. In view of recent advances in the management of HE, the Brazilian Society of Hepatology endorsed a monothematic meetingregarding HE in order to gather experts in the to discuss related data and to draw evidence-based recommendations concerning: management of HE and intracranial hypertension in FHF, treatment of episodic HE in cirrhosis, controversies in the management of EH including difficult to treat cases and diagnostic and treatment challenges for minimal HE. The purpose of this review is to summarize the lectures and recommendations made by the panel of experts of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatic Encephalopathy , Fibrosis , Hepatic Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Hepatic Encephalopathy/physiopathology , Liver Transplantation , Liver Failure, Acute , Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control , Ammonia , Hypertension, Portal
19.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 47(2): 165-169, abr.-jun. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-554679

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Due to its good correlation to glycemic clamp, HOMA-IR has been widely utilized as insulin resistance index in clinical and epidemiological studies involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease carriers. However, values used for this parameter have shown large variability. OBJECTIVE: To identify the HOMA-IR cut value that best distinguishes non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients from a control group. METHODS: One hundred sixteen non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients were studied, diagnosed by clinical, biochemical, and liver image or biopsy criteria, and 88 healthy individuals, without any liver disease and testing for oral glucose tolerance within normality. These groups did not differ in age and gender. All were submitted to oral glucose tolerance test and blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin measurements by immunofluorometric method. HOMA-IR was calculated according to the formula: fasting insulin (µU/L) x fasting glucose (nmol/L)/22.5. RESULTS: NAFLD patients showed higher insulin, glycemia, and HOMA-IR values than control group, even when excluding glucose intolerant and diabetes mellitus patients by their glycemic curves. HOMA-IR 75th percentile for control group was 1.78 and the best area under the curve index was obtained for HOMA-IR values of 2.0 [AUC= 0.840 (0.781-0.899 CI 95 percent), sensitivity (Se): 85 percent, specificity (Sp): 83 percent] while value 2.5 showed best specificity without important loss in sensitivity [AUC=0,831 (0.773-0.888) Se = 72 percent, Sp = 94 percent]. CONCLUSION: HOMA-IR values above or equal to 2.0 or 2.5 show enhanced diagnostic value in distinguishing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease carriers from control group individuals.


CONTEXTO: Pela sua boa correlação com o "clamp" glicêmico, o HOMA-IR tem sido largamente utilizado como índice de resistência insulínica em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos em pacientes com doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica. Porém os valores utilizados para esse parâmetro têm sido muito variáveis. OBJETIVO: Identificar o valor de corte do HOMA-IR que melhor diferencie pacientes com doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica não-diabéticos, de um grupo controle. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 116 pacientes com doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica, diagnosticados por critérios clínicos, bioquímicos e de imagem ou biopsia hepática e 88 indivíduos saudáveis, sem doença hepática e com teste de tolerância oral à glicose dentro da normalidade. Esses grupos não diferiam quanto à idade e gênero. Todos foram submetidos ao teste de tolerância oral à glicose e coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem de glicemia e de insulina através de método imunofluorimétrico. Foi feito o cálculo do HOMA-IR de acordo com fórmula = insulina de jejum (µU/L) x glicemia de jejum (nmol/L)/22.5. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica apresentaram valores mais elevados de insulina, glicemia e HOMA-IR que o grupo controle, mesmo quando excluídos os pacientes com diagnóstico de intolerância à glicose ou de diabetes mellitus pela curva glicêmica. O percentil 75 para HOMA-IR no grupo controle foi de 1.78 e o melhor índice de área sob a curva foi obtido para os valores de HOMA-IR de 2,0 [ASC = 0,840 (0,781-0,899 IC95 por cento), sensibilidade: 85 por cento, especificidade: 83 por cento] enquanto o valor de 2,5 foi o que apresentou melhor especificidade, sem perda importante de sensibilidade [ASC = 0,831 (0.773-0.888) sensibilidade: 72 por cento, especificidade: 94 por cento] . CONCLUSÃO: Valores de HOMA-IR acima ou iguais a 2.0 ou 2.5 mostram elevado valor diagnóstico na distinção entre os doentes com doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica...


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Glucose/analysis , Fatty Liver/diagnosis , Homeostasis/physiology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Fluoroimmunoassay , Fasting/blood , Fatty Liver/blood , Fatty Liver/physiopathology , Reference Values
20.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 46(3): 241-247, jul.-set. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-530066

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Experimental and clinical studies suggest that LOLA may have a favorable influence on hepatic encephalopathy due to the effect on the reduction of ammonia, and improvement of the symptoms and laboratory findings. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and to critically analyze the efficacy and/or effectiveness results of the use of LOLA when compared to placebo in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. DATA SOURCES: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, PubMed database and Cochrane Collaboration Register of Controlled Trials were searched from 1966 to September of 2006. The review has included all the randomized controlled double-blind clinical trials performed in humans in English language. RESULTS: Four studies published between 1993 and 2000 were selected and reviewed. LOLA was showed as being able to reduce hyperammonemia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy, when compared to patients in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the trials have shown efficacy of LOLA in reducing hyperammonemia of hepatic encephalopathy, sufficient evidence of a significant beneficial effect of LOLA on patients with hepatic encephalopathy was not found. The studies performed in this area were small, with short follow-up periods and half of them showed low methodological quality.


CONTEXTO: Estudos experimentais e clínicos sugerem que a L-ornitina-L-aspartato pode ter uma influência favorável na encefalopatia hepática em virtude do seu efeito na redução da amônia, e melhora dos sintomas e achados laboratoriais. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar e analisar criticamente os estudos de eficácia e/ou efetividade do uso de L-ornitina-L-aspartato quando comparado com placebo no tratamento da encefalopatia hepática. FONTES DE INFORMAÇÃO: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, PubMed e o Registro de Ensaios Controlados da Colaboração Cochrane no período de 1966 até setembro de 2006. A revisão incluiu todos os ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados, duplo-cego, em seres humanos, no idioma inglês. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados e revisados quatro estudos publicados entre 1993 e 2000, que mostraram que a L-ornitina-L-aspartato foi capaz de reduzir a hiperamonemia em portadores de encefalopatia hepática, quando comparados ao grupo que utilizou placebo. CONCLUSÕES: Embora os estudos tenham demonstrado eficácia da L-ornitina-L-aspartato em reduzir a hiperamonemia da encefalopatia hepática, não foi encontrada evidência suficiente que a L-ornitina-L-aspartato tenha um efeito clínico benéfico significativo em pacientes com encefalopatia hepática. Os ensaios realizados neste campo foram pequenos com períodos curtos de acompanhamento e a metade deles com baixa qualidade metodológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ammonia/blood , Dipeptides/therapeutic use , Hepatic Encephalopathy/drug therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method , Evidence-Based Medicine , Hepatic Encephalopathy/blood
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